Sofia Vale is professor of Economics and Vice-Rector for Finance at Iscte-Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal). She received her Ph.D. from the Iscte-IUL and her M.A. from the School of Economics and Business of the University of Lisbon. She cooperates regularly with the Eurasia Business and Economics Society and is a member of the International Editorial Board of Panoeconomicus. Although her interests lie in macroeconomics, her current work focuses on monetary policy, inequality and asymmetries among eurozone members.